Inertial contributions to the pressure in the truncated-cone-and-plate apparatus with application to dilute polymer solutions

New measurements of the pressure distribution generated by two Newtonian liquids in the Truncated Cone-and-Plate Apparatus are presented, in order to evaluate the exact form of the inertial contribution for a range of Reynolds numbers (Re) fromRe = 140 toRe = 36,000;Re = R ² /, where and are the liquid density and viscosity respectively,R is the plate radius, and is the angular velocity of the cone. The Walters equation for lowRe, p ^w = 0.15 ² (r² – R²), is shown to be in excellent agreement with the measurements up toRe = 1000, provided an appropriate correction for the Newtonian hole pressure is made. Up toRe = 1000, the measured slope is within 1% of the theoretical value of 0.15 given by the Walters equation; as the Reynolds number increases above 1000, the data become increasingly nonlinear inr ². Other theoretical predictions made especially for largeRe begin to disagree with the data even belowRe = 1000. The application of the experimentally determined additive inertial contribution to measurements of pressure distribution in four dilute polymer solutions is found to reproduce adequately the expected form of the viscoelastic pressure distribution, even at highRe where the Walters equation is not valid. Measurements of a combination of normal-stress differencesN ₁ + 2N ₂ for polymer solutions involving specific polymer/solvent interaction sites show a difference of 45% with change of solvent, while no difference is observed in solutions of polymers without the interaction sites. The normal-stress ratio —N ₂/N ₁ for a 5% solution of cis-polybutadiene is 0.24 at a shear rate of 100 s^–1, and it appears to approach the zero shear limit of 2/7 given by the Doi-Edwards theory. The Higashitani-Pritchard-Baird-Lodge equation relating the elastic hole pressure to the normal-stress differenceN ₁ –N ₂ gives a qualitative agreement betweenN ₁ –N ₂ from the TCP Apparatus and the hole pressure from the Stressmeter; the percent difference is 0 at shear stress < 25 Pa, 35% at = 45 Pa, and 18% at the highest = 63 Pa.     

沿垂等温平板的自然对流问题的近似解析解

本文用加权残值得到了沿垂等温平板的自然对流问题的近似解析解。和已有准确解的比较表明，在平板表面附近，近似解有很好的精度，而且速度场的精度比温度场更好一些。文末还对配域法的准收敛问题作了说明。     

SOLVING THE FREE BOUNDARY PROBLEM IN CONTINUOUS CASTING BY USING BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

ＳＯＬＶＩＮＧＴＨＥＦＲＥＥＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＩＮＣＯＮＴＩＮＵＯＵＳＣＡＳＴＩＮＧＢＹＵＳＩＮＧＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＭＥＴＨＯＤＬｉＹａｏｙｏｎｇ（李耀勇）；ＺｈａｎｇＺｈｉｌｉ（张自立）（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪｕｎｅ，１８，１９...     

旋转圆盘受均布压力作用时的摄动分析

本文对中心带轴匀速旋转圆盘在均布压力作用下的受力及变形问题进行了摄动分析，得到了受载条件为Ｊ＾２／ＪＨ＜＜１时，圆盘应力及形变的渐近解。其形变渐近解为Ｗｈｉｔａｋｅｒ函数形式比较表明，渐近解与Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ数值解有较好的一致性。     

Higher order asymptotic solution of mode I crack growth in elastic-perfectly plastic media

A higher order asymptotic solution of near-tip field is studied for plane-atrain Mode-I quasi-static steady crack growth in the incompressible (v=1/2) elastic perfectly-plastic media. The results show that the near-tip stress and strain are fully continuous, and the strain possesses In (A/r) singularity at the crack tip. The expressions of the stress, strain and velocity in each region are also given. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

ASYMPTOTIC NON-STABILITY AND BLOW-UP AT BOUNDARY FOR SOLUTIONS OF A FILTRATION EQUATION

For a class of nonlinear filtration equation with nonlinear second-third boundary value condition, it is shown that a priori boundary of the solution can be estimated and controlled by initial data and integral on the boundary of the region. The priori estimate of the solutions was established by iterative method. By using this estimate the solutions may blow-up on the boundary of the region and thus it may have asymptotic non-stability.     

Residual stress field and reduction of stress intensity factors in cold-worked holes

Closed-form and semi-analytical solutions are obtained for the residual stress distributions in a plate caused by pressure acting on a central circular hole, representing the cold-work process. The material is elastic–perfectly plastic. Both Tresca and von Mises yield criteria are used and the corresponding residual stress distributions are compared. The relation between the dimension of the plastic zone and the value of internal pressure is presented. The relation between the magnitude of the residual stresses and the remote uniform tensile stress required to open symmetrical radial cracks is also presented. The reduction of the stress intensity factors of cracked open and riveted holes as a function of the internal pressure applied (or mandrel radial displacement) is investigated using numerical models for both an elastic–perfectly plastic material and for an Al 2024-T3 Alclad aluminum alloy.     

滑动界面的球形夹杂问题

滑动界面对多相介质力学性能的影响日益受到重视．但已有的解析结果往往假定界面是自由滑动的．即假设界面上的剪应力为零，这与大多数实际情况并不相符．本文假定界面上剪应力不为零并满足线弹簧型界面条件，在这一前提下，首次获得了球形夹杂本征应变问题的解析解．     

SELF-ADAPTIVE STRATEGY FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD BASED ON ELEMENT ENERGY PROJECTION METHOD

Based on the newly-developed element energy projection (EEP) method for computation of super-convergent results in one-dimensional finite element method (FEM), the task of self-adaptive FEM analysis was converted into the task of adaptive piecewise polynomial interpolation. As a result, a satisfactory FEM mesh can be obtained, and further FEM analysis on this mesh would immediately produce an FEM solution which usually satisfies the user specified error tolerance. Even though the error tolerance was not completely satisfied, one or two steps of further local refinements would be sufficient. This strategy was found to be very simple, rapid, cheap and efficient. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of second order as the model problem, the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and detailed algorithm are described. Representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.     

Two-dimensional thermoelastic analysis of a functionally graded cylindrical panel due to nonuniform heat supply

This paper is concerned with the theoretical treatment of the steady-state thermoelastic problem of a functionally graded cylindrical panel due to nonuniform heat supply in the circumferential direction. The thermal and thermoelastic constants of the cylindrical panel are expressed as power functions of the radial coordinate. We obtain the exact solution for the two-dimensional temperature change in a steady state, and thermal stresses of a simple supported cylindrical panel under the state of plane strain. Some numerical results are shown in figures and tables. Furthermore, the influence of the nonhomogeneity of the material, the radius ratio and the span angle upon the temperature change, displacements and stresses is investigated.